NCERT Class 11 Geography Chapter 7: Climate | Line-by-Line MCQs & Mains Questions for UPSC

Chapter Insights: Chapter -7- Climate

📚 NCERT Integrated 📖 Standard Book Ref ✅ PSC & UPSC Aligned

This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of the Earth's atmosphere. It begins by establishing the atmosphere's critical importance for sustaining all life, as it provides essential gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide. The chapter details the composition of the atmosphere, which is a mixture of gases (predominantly nitrogen and oxygen), water vapour, and dust particles. It highlights the meteorological roles of key gases: carbon dioxide in the greenhouse effect and ozone in filtering harmful ultraviolet radiation.

The second major section explains the vertical structure of the atmosphere, divided into five main layers based on temperature characteristics. The troposphere, the lowest layer where all weather events occur, is identified as the most crucial for biological activity.

Above it lie the stratosphere (containing the protective ozone layer), the mesosphere, the thermosphere/ionosphere (which reflects radio waves), and the outermost exosphere that merges with space.

The chapter concludes by listing the primary elements of weather and climate—temperature, pressure, winds, humidity, clouds, and precipitation—which form the basis for further study in subsequent chapters.

Note on Coverage: These questions are developed through a line-by-line analysis of the textbook. This ensures that even the smaller details and nuanced concepts often overlooked are covered for comprehensive exam preparation.

Preparation Method

We recommend reading the NCERT chapter thoroughly before attempting these questions. The page numbers provided correspond to the actual textbook pages to help you locate the source material quickly.

Section A: Descriptive Questions

  1. Why is the atmosphere essential for the survival of organisms? (Pg. 2) Page 64
  2. Describe the role of water vapour in the atmosphere. (Pg. 2) Page 64
  3. What are the sources of dust particles found in the atmosphere? (Pg. 3) Page 65
  4. Why is the thickness of the troposphere greatest at the equator? (Pg. 3) Page 65
  5. What is the key feature of the stratosphere and why is it important for life on Earth? (Pg. 3) Page 65
  6. List the main elements of weather and climate. (Pg. 4) Page 66

Section B1: Multiple Choice Questions

Page 64

Which gas is meteorologically important because it is transparent to incoming solar radiation but opaque to outgoing terrestrial radiation? (Pg. 2)

A) OxygenB) NitrogenC) Carbon DioxideD) Argon
View Answer
Answer: C
Source Reference: Page 64
Page 64

Where is the concentration of water vapour in the air typically the highest? (Pg. 2)

A) Polar RegionsB) Desert AreasC) Warm and Wet TropicsD) Temperate Regions
View Answer
Answer: C
Source Reference: Page 64
Page 65

In which regions is the concentration of dust particles generally higher? (Pg. 3)

A) Equatorial and Polar RegionsB) Subtropical and Temperate RegionsC) Only over OceansD) Only in Industrial Areas
View Answer
Answer: B
Source Reference: Page 65
Page 65

What is the rate of temperature decrease (lapse rate) within the troposphere? (Pg. 3)

A) 1°C per 165 mB) 1°C per 100 mC) 6.5°C per 1000 mD) 1°C per 500 m
View Answer
Answer: A
Source Reference: Page 65
Page 65

Which layer of the atmosphere contains electrically charged particles (ions) that reflect radio waves? (Pg. 3)

A) MesosphereB) Thermosphere/IonosphereC) ExosphereD) Stratosphere
View Answer
Answer: B
Source Reference: Page 65
Page 66

(Exercise) Which one of the following gases constitutes the major portion of the atmosphere? (Pg. 4)

A) OxygenB) NitrogenC) ArgonD) Carbon Dioxide
View Answer
Answer: B
Source Reference: Page 66
Page 66

(Exercise) Atmospheric layer important for human beings is: (Pg. 4)

A) StratosphereB) MesosphereC) TroposphereD) Ionosphere
View Answer
Answer: C
Source Reference: Page 66
Page 66

(Exercise) Sea salt, pollen, ash, smoke soot, fine soil are associated with: (Pg. 4)

A) GasesB) Dust particlesC) Water vapourD) Meteors
View Answer
Answer: B
Source Reference: Page 66
Page 66

(Exercise) Oxygen gas is in negligible quantity at the height of: (Pg. 4)

A) 90 kmB) 120 kmC) 100 kmD) 150 km
View Answer
Answer: B
Source Reference: Page 66
Page 66

(Exercise) Which gas is transparent to incoming solar radiation and opaque to outgoing terrestrial radiation? (Pg. 4)

A) OxygenB) NitrogenC) HeliumD) Carbon Dioxide
View Answer
Answer: D
Source Reference: Page 66

Section B2: One-Word / Factual Check

The ozone layer, found between 10 and 50 km, absorbs ______ rays from the sun. (Pg. 2) Page 64

Show Answer
ultra-violet (Reference: Page 64)

Dust and salt particles act as ______ nuclei for water vapour condensation. (Pg. 3) Page 65

Show Answer
hygroscopic (Reference: Page 65)

The lowermost layer of the atmosphere, where all weather phenomena occur, is the ______. (Pg. 3) Page 65

Show Answer
troposphere (Reference: Page 65)

The zone separating the troposphere from the stratosphere is called the ______. (Pg. 3) Page 65

Show Answer
tropopause (Reference: Page 65)

The layer above the thermosphere that gradually merges with outer space is the ______. (Pg. 4) Page 66

Show Answer
exosphere (Reference: Page 66)

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